United StatesU.S. Weights and Measures
Linear Measure
| 12 inches (in.) = | 1 foot (ft.) |
| 3 feet = | 1 yard (yd) |
| 51/2 yards = | 1 rod (rd), pole, or perch (161/2 ft.) |
| 40 rods = | 1 furlong (fur) = 220 yds = 660 ft. |
| 8 furlongs = | 1 statute mile (mi.) = 1,760 yds = 5,280 ft. |
| 3 land miles = | 1 league |
| 5,280 feet = | 1 statute or land mile |
| 6,076.11549 feet = | 1 international nautical mile |
Area Measure
| 144 square inches = | 1 sq ft. |
| 9 square feet = | 1 sq yd = 1,296 sq in. |
| 301/4 square yards = | 1 sq rd = 2721/4 sq ft. |
| 160 square rods = | 1 acre = 4,840 sq yds = 43,560 sq ft. |
| 640 acres = | 1 sq mi. |
| 1 mile square = | 1 section (of land) |
| 6 miles square = | 1 township = 36 sections = 36 sq mi. |
Cubic Measure
| 1,728 cubic inches = | 1 cu ft. |
| 27 cubic feet = | 1 cu yd |
Liquid Measure
When necessary to distinguish the liquid pint or quart from the dry pint or quart, the word “liquid” or the abbreviation “liq” should be used in combination with the name or abbreviation of the liquid unit.
| 4 gills (gi) = | 1 pint (pt) (= 28.875 cu in.) |
| 2 pints = | 1 quart (qt) (= 57.75 cu in.) |
| 4 quarts = | 1 gallon (gal) (= 231 cu in.) = 8 pts = 32 gills |
Apothecaries' Fluid Measure
| 60 minims (min.) = | 1 fluid dram (fl dr) (= 0.2256 cu in.) |
| 8 fluid drams = | 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) (= 1.8047 cu in.) |
| 16 fluid ounces = | 1 pt (= 28.875 cu in.) = 128 fl drs |
| 2 pints = | 1 qt (= 57.75 cu in.) = 32 fl oz = 256 fl drs |
| 4 quarts = | 1 gal (= 231 cu in.) = 128 fl oz = 1,024 fl drs |
Dry Measure
When necessary to distinguish the dry pint or quart from the liquid pint or quart, the word “dry” should be used in combination with the name or abbreviation of the dry unit.
| 2 pints = | 1 qt (= 67.2006 cu in.) |
| 8 quarts = | 1 peck (pk) (= 537.605 cu in.) = 16 pts |
| 4 pecks = | 1 bushel (bu) (= 2,150.42 cu in.) = 32 qts |
Avoirdupois Weight
When necessary to distinguish the avoirdupois dram from the apothecaries' dram, or to distinguish the avoirdupois dram or ounce from the fluid dram or ounce, or to distinguish the avoirdupois ounce or pound from the troy or apothecaries' ounce or pound, the word “avoirdupois” or the abbreviation “avdp” should be used in combination with the name or abbreviation of the avoirdupois unit. (The “grain” is the same in avoirdupois, troy, and apothecaries' weights.)
| 2711/32 grains = | 1 dram (dr) |
| 16 drams = | 1 oz = 4371/2 grains |
| 16 ounces = | 1 lb = 256 drams = 7,000 grains |
| 100 pounds = | 1 hundredweight (cwt)1 |
| 20 hundredweights = | 1 ton (tn) = 2,000 lbs1 |
| In “gross” or “long” measure, the following values are recognized: | |
| 112 pounds = | 1 gross or long cwt1 |
| 20 gross or long hundredweights = 1 gross or long ton | |
| = 2,240 lbs1 | |
Units of Circular Measure
| Second ('') = | — |
| Minute (') = | 60 seconds |
| Degree (°) = | 60 minutes |
| Right angle = | 90 degrees |
| Straight angle = | 180 degrees |
| Circle = | 360 degrees |
Troy Weight
| 24 grains = | 1 pennyweight (dwt) |
| 20 pennyweights = | 1 ounce troy (oz t) = 480 grains |
| 12 ounces troy = | 1 pound troy (lb t) = 240 pennyweights = 5,760 grains |
Apothecaries' Weight
| 20 grains = | 1 scruple (s ap) |
| 3 scruples = | 1 dram apothecaries' (dr ap) = 60 grains |
| 8 drams apothecaries' = | 1 ounce apothecaries' (oz ap) = 24 scruples = 480 grains |
| 12 ounces apothecaries' = | 1 pound apothecaries' (lb ap) = 96 drams apothecaries' = 288 scruples = 5,760 grains |
Gunter's or Surveyor's Chain Measure
| 7.92 inches = | 1 link (li) |
| 100 links = | 1 chain (ch) = 4 rods = 66 ft. |
| 80 chains = | 1 statute mile = 320 rods = 5,280 ft. |
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