Peace:Muhammad Yunus (Bangladesh) and the Grameen Bank of Bangladesh for “their efforts to create economic and social development from below”
Literature:Orhan Pamuk (Turkey) “who in the quest for the melancholic soul of his native city has discovered new symbols for the clash and interlacing of cultures”
Physics: John C. Mather and George F. Smoot (both U.S.) for “their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation”
Chemistry: Roger D. Kornberg (U.S.) for “his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription”
Physiology or Medicine: Andrew Z. Fire and Craig C. Mello (both U.S.) for “their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA”
Economics: Edmund S. Phelps (U.S.) for “his analysis of intertemporal tradeoffs in macroeconomic policy”
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